miniatura|Localització dels objectes artificials més grossos escampats per la Lluna, sobreposats en dades de la missió Clementine en projecció cilíndrica equidistant.
En aquest article hi apareix una llista parcial dels materials creats per la humanitat que es troben sobre la superfície de la Lluna. La taula que segueix a continuació no enumera, separadament, petits objectes com retroflectors, material de l'Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment, o objectes commemoratius, artístics o personals abandonats pels astronautes del programa Apollo, com ara banderes dels Estats Units, plaques commemoratives enganxades a les escales dels mòduls lunars Apollo, el pin de l'astronauta de plata que va deixar Alan Bean en honor de Clifton C. Williams, a qui havia reemplaçat, l'estatueta a l'astronauta caigut i la placa commemorativa deixades per la tripulació de l'Apollo 15, i les pilotes de golf que Alan Shepard va colpejar durant un passeig lunar de l'Apollo 14.
Les restes de cinc S-IVB de tercera etapa de coets Saturn V del programa Apollo són les peces més pesades enviades mai a la superfície lunar. Els humans han deixat uns 187.000 kg de material a la Lluna, mentre que al voltant de 380 kg de roca lunar ha estat traslladada a la Terra per les missions que hi han anat. Els únics objectes artificials de la Lluna que encara es troben actius són els retroreflectors dipositats en el marc dels lunar laser ranging experiments per les missions Apollo 11, 14 i 15 així com per les Lunokhod 1 i Lunokhod 2.Slava G. Turyshev – From Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics Research in Space (2009) – Page 300
Els objectes situats a més de 90 ° est o oest es troben a la cara oculta de la Lluna, entre els que es troben el Ranger 4, el Lunar Orbiter 1, el Lunar Orbiter 2 o el Lunar Orbiter 3.
Llegenda Colors No ha trasmès dades Dades transmeses Operatiu
Llistat d'objectes Objecte artificial Imatge País Any Massa (kg) Estat Situació Luna 2 1959 390.2 Intentionally crashed Third stage of Luna 2 Vostok rocket 80px|right 1959 9100 Intentionally crashed Ranger 480px|right 1962 331 Intentionally crashed Ranger 680px|right 1964 381 Intentionally crashed Ranger 780px|right 1964 365.7 Intentionally crashed Luna 5 1965 1474 Crashed Luna 7 1965 1504 Crashed Luna 8 1965 100 Crashed Ranger 880px|right 1965 367 Intentionally crashed Ranger 980px|right 1965 367 Intentionally crashed Luna 980px|right 1966 100 Landed Luna 10 1966 1600 Crashed(post-mission) ?Spacecraft was in lunar orbit but is assumed to have decayed from orbit and crashed into the Moon, location unknown. Luna 11 1966 1640 Crashed ? Luna 12 1966 1670 Crashed ? Surveyor 180px|right 1966 270 Landed Luna 13 1966 1700 Landed Lunar Orbiter 1 80px|right 1966 386 Crashed(post-mission) Surveyor 280px|right 1966 292 Crashed Lunar Orbiter 280px|right 1966 385 Crashed(post-mission) Lunar Orbiter 3 80px|right 1966 386 Crashed(post-mission) Surveyor 3 80px|right 1967 281Apollo 12 returned about 10 kg of the Surveyor 3's original landing mass of 302 kg to Earth to study the effects of long term exposure. Landed(portions recoveredby Apollo 12 crew) Lunar Orbiter 4 80px|right 1967 386 Crashed(post-mission) ? Surveyor 480px|right 1967 283 Crashed Explorer 35 (IMP-E) 80px|right 1967 104.3 Crashed (post mission) ? Lunar Orbiter 580px|right 1967 386 Crashed(post-mission) Surveyor 580px|right 1967 281 Landed Surveyor 680px|right 1967 282 Landed Surveyor 780px|right 1968 290 Landed Luna 14 1968 1670 Crashed ? Apollo 10 LM-4 Snoopy descent stage80px|right 1969 2211 Crashed(post-mission) ? Luna 15 1969 2718 Crashed ? Apollo 11 LM-5 Eagle descent stage 80px|right 1969 2034 Landed Apollo 11 LM-5 Eagle ascent stageThe ascent stage of Apollo 10 was commanded to fire its engine, left lunar orbit and entered solar orbit. The ascent stage of Apollo 11 was left in orbit and thereafter its orbit decayed and it crashed onto the Moon at an unknown location. The Apollo 16 ascent stage failed to crash onto moon when commanded and it decayed from orbit at a later date and also crashed at an unknown location. The ascent stages of the remaining successful missions (Apollo 12, 14, 15, and 17) were each deliberately crashed onto the Moon. Apollo 13's complete Apollo Lunar Module re-entered Earth's atmosphere after having served as a lifeboat during the aborted mission.80px|right 1969 2184 Crashed(post-mission) ? Apollo 12 LM-6 Intrepid descent stage80px|right 1969 2211 Landed Apollo 12 LM-6 Intrepid ascent stage80px|right 1969 2164 Crashed(post-mission) Luna 16 descent stageLuna program sample return mission; mass listed is for both ascent and descent stages, though only the descent stage was left on the Moon. 1970 1380 Landed Luna 17 and Lunokhod 1 1970 5600 Landed Apollo 13 S-IVB (S-IVB-508)Astronautix.com, Apollo 13: The S-IVB/IU impacted the lunar surface at 8:10 p.m. EST on April 14 at a speed of 259 meters per second (incorrect, should probably be 2590 meters/sec), […] 137.1 kilometers from the Apollo 12 seismometer.80px|right 1970 13454 Intentionally crashed Luna 18 1971 1880 Crashed Luna 19 1971 1880 Crashed ? Apollo 14 S-IVB (S-IVB-509)80px|right 1971 14016 Intentionally crashed Apollo 14 LM-8 Antares descent stage80px|right 1971 2144 Landed Apollo 14 LM-8 Antares ascent stage80px|right 1971 2132 Crashed(post-mission) Apollo 15 S-IVB (S-IVB-510)80px|right 1971 14036 Intentionally crashed Apollo 15 LM-10 Falcon descent stage80px|right 1971 2809 Landed Apollo 15 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-001)80px|right 1971 210 Landed Apollo 15 LM-10 Falcon ascent stage80px|right 1971 2132 Crashed(post-mission) Apollo 15 subsatellite80px|right 1971 36 Crashed(post-mission) ? Luna 20 descent stage 1972 < 5727 Landed Apollo 16 S-IVB (S-IVB-511)80px|right 1972 14002 Intentionally crashed Apollo 16 LM-11 Orion descent stage80px|right 1972 2765 Landed Apollo 16 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-002)80px|right 1972 210 Landed Apollo 16 LM-11 Orion ascent stage80px|right 1972 2138 Crashed(post-mission) ? Apollo 16 subsatellite80px|right 1972 36 Crashed(post-mission) ? Apollo 17 S-IVB (S-IVB-512)80px|right 1972 13960 Intentionally crashed Apollo 17 LM-12 Challenger descent stage80px|right 1972 2798 Landed Apollo 17 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-003)80px|right 1972 210 Landed Apollo 17 LM-12 Challenger ascent stage80px|right 1972 2150 Crashed(post-mission) Luna 21 and Lunokhod 2Lander and rover weighed 1814 kg; the rest assumed to have decayed in orbit and impacted the Moon. 1973 4850 Landed Explorer 49 (RAE-B)80px|right 1973 328 Crashed ? Luna 22 1974 4000 Crashed ? Luna 23 1974 5600 Landed ~12.75ºN, ~62.2ºE Luna 24 descent stage 1976 < 5800 Landed Hagoromo / HitenWas injected into lunar orbit in 1990, assumed to have decayed from orbit. 80px|right 1990 12 Crashed(orbit / crash not confirmed) ? Hiten80px|right 1993 143 Intentionally crashed Lunar Prospector80px|right 1998 126 Intentionally crashed SMART-180px|right Fitxer:Not the esa logo.png ESA 2006 307 Intentionally crashed Moon Impact Probe (MIP) / Chandrayaan-180px|right 2008 35 Intentionally crashed MIP was crash-landed on the Shackleton crater SELENE Rstar (Okina) 2009 53 Crashed Chang'e 180px|right 2009 2000 / cf. 2.3t with fuel () Intentionally crashed SELENE (Kaguya) main orbiter 2009 1984 Intentionally crashed LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft 80px|right 2009 700 Intentionally crashed , -3.80909 km elevation (Cabeus crater) LCROSS Centaur80px|right 2009 2270 Intentionally crashed , -3.82693 km elevation (Cabeus crater) GRAIL80px|right 2012 132.6 Crashed(post-mission) Chang'e 3 & Yutu 2013 1200 Operated 964 days. Last contact Aug 3, 2016 LADEE 80px|right 2014 248.2 Intentionally crashed Eastern rim of Sundman V crater Total estimated dry mass (kg) 189,344
Galeria d'imatges miniatura|Mapa de la Lluna mostrant alguns dels punts d'aterratge. (Clicar per ampliar)miniatura|Surveyor 3 a la Lluna, fotografiat per Alan Beanminiatura|Localitzacions dels experiments amb retroreflectorsminiatura|Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment (LRRR)
Referències
Enllaços externs Catàleg de la NASA de materials artificials situats a la Lluna Llista de l'Apollo 11 d'artefactes a la Lluna Lunar Litter: Curtmetratge sobre les deixalles deixades enrere en missions humanes a la Lluna
Categoria:Exploració de la Lluna