Cronologia dels microprocessadors

La cronologia dels microprocessadors arrenca amb l'Intel 4004, una Unitat Central de Procés (CPU) de 4 bits llençada per Intel Corporation el 1971. Fou la primera CPU completa en un sol xip, la primera comercialment disponible com un processador, gràcies a l'ús de la nova tecnologia de portes lògiques basada en silici, que permetia la integració d'un elevat nombre de transistors i una velocitat més ràpida del que mai abans havia estat possible.

Data Nom Fabricant Rellotge Geometria Transistors 1971 4004 Intel 740 kHz 10 µm 2.250 1972 8008 Intel 500 kHz 10 μm 3.500 1974 6800 Motorola 2 MHz - 4.100 1974 8080 Intel 2 MHz 6 μm 6.000 1974 1802 RCA 3,2 MHz 5 μm 5.000 1974 TMS1000 Texas Instruments 400 kHz 8 μm 8.000 1975 6502 MOS Technologies 1 MHz - 4.000 1976 Z-80 Zilog 2 MHz 4 μm 8.500 1976 8085 Intel 5 MHz 3 μm 6.500 1976 TMS9900 Texas Instruments 3,3 MHz - 8.000 1977 6100 Intersil 4 MHz - 20.000 1978 8086 Intel 5 MHz 3 μm 29.000 1978 6801 Motorola - 5 μm 35.000 1979 Z8000 Zilog - - 17.500 1979 8088 Intel 5 MHz 3 μm 29.000 1979 6809 Motorola 1 MHz 5 μm 40.000 1979 68000 Motorola 8 MHz 4 μm 68.000 1980 16032 National - - 60.000 1981 6120 Harris Corporation 10 MHz - 20.000 1981 ROMP IBM 10 MHz 2 µm 45.000 1981 T-11 DEC 2,5 MHz 5 µm 17.000 1982 RISC-I UC Berkeley 1 MHz 5 µm 44.420 1982 FOCUS Hewlett Packard 18 MHz 1,5 µm 450.000 1982 80186 Intel 6 MHz - 55.000 1982 80286 Intel 6 MHz 1,5 µm 134.000 1983 RISC-II UC Berkeley 3 MHz 3 µm 40,760 1983 MIPS Universitat Stanford 2 MHz 3 µm 25,000 1984 68020 Motorola 16 MHz 2 µm 190,000 1984 32032 National - - 70,000 1984 V20 NEC 5 MHz - 63.000 1985 80386 Intel 16 MHz 1,5 µm 275.000 1985 MicroVax II 78032 DEC 5 MHz 3,0 µm 125.000 1985 R2000 MIPS 8 MHz 2 µm 115.000 1988 R3000 MIPS 12 MHz2 µm 120.000 1986 Z80000 Zilog - - 91,000 1986 SPARC Sun 40 MHz 0.8 µm 800,000 1986 V60 NEC 16 MHz 1.5 µm 375,000 1987 CVAX 78034 DEC 12.5 MHz 2.0 µm 134,000 1987 ARM2 ARM Limited 18 MHz 2 µm 25,000 1987 Gmicro/200 Hitachi - 1.0 µm 730,000 1987 68030 Motorola 16 MHz 1,3 µm 273.000 1987 V70 NEC 20 MHz 1,5 µm 385.000 1988 i960 Intel 10 MHz 1,5 µm 250.000 1989 VAX DC520 "Rigel" DEC 35 MHz 1,5 µm 320.000 1989 80486 Intel 25 MHz 1 µm 1.180.000 1989 i860 Intel 25 MHz 1 µm 1.000.000 1990 68040 Motorola 40 MHz - 1,2 1990 POWER1 IBM 20-30 MHz 1,0 µm 6,9 1991 R4000 MIPS Computer Systems 100 MHz 0,8 µm 1,35 1991 NVAX DEC 62.5-90.91 MHz 0.75 µm 1.3 1991 RSC IBM 33 MHz 0.8 µm 1.0 1992 Alpha 21064 DEC 100-200 MHz 0.75 µm 1.68 1992 microSPARC I Sun 40-50 MHz 0.8 µm 0.8 1992 PA-7100 Hewlett Packard 100 MHz 0.80 µm 0.85 1993 PowerPC 601 IBM, Motorola 50-80 MHz 0.6 µm 2.8 1993 Pentium Intel 60-66 MHz 0.8 µm 3.1 1993 POWER2 IBM 55-71.5 MHz 0.72 µm 23 1994 68060 Motorola 50 MHz 0.6 µm 2.5 1994 Alpha 21064A DEC 200-300 MHz 0.5 µm 2.85 1994 R4600 QED 100 - 125 MHz 0.65 µm 2.2 1994 PA-7200 Hewlett Packard 125 MHz 0.55 µm 1.26 1994 PowerPC 603 IBM, Motorola 60-120 MHz 0.5 µm 1.6 1994 PowerPC 604 IBM, Motorola 100-180 MHz 0.5 µm 3.6 1994 PA-7100LC Hewlett Packard 100 MHz 0.75 µm 0.90 1995 Alpha 21164 DEC 266-333 MHz 0.5 µm 9.3 1995 UltraSPARC Sun 143–167 MHz 0.47 µm 5.2 1995 SPARC64 HAL Computer Systems 101–118 MHz 0.40 µm - 1995 Pentium Pro Intel 150-200 MHz 0.35 µm 5.5 1996 Alpha 21164A DEC 400-500 MHz 0.35 µm 9.7 1996 K5 AMD 75-100 MHz 0.5 µm 4.3 1996 R10000 MTI 150-250 MHz 0.35 µm 6.7 1996 R5000 QED 180 - 250 MHz 0.35 µm 3.7 1996 SPARC64 II HAL Computer Systems 141–161 MHz 0.35 µm - 1996 PA-8000 Hewlett-Packard 160-180 MHz 0.50 µm 3.8 1996 P2SC IBM 150 MHz 0.29 µm 15 1997 Pentium II Intel 233-300 MHz 0.35 µm 7.5 1997 PowerPC 620 IBM, Motorola 120-150 MHz 0.35 µm 6.9 1997 UltraSPARC IIs Sun 250-400 MHz 0.35 µm 5.4 1997 S/390 G4 IBM 370 MHz 0.5 µm 7.8 1997 PowerPC 750 IBM, Motorola 233-366 MHz 0.26 µm 6.35 1997 K6 AMD 166-233 MHz 0.35 µm 8.8 1998 Alpha 21264 DEC 450-600 MHz 0.35 µm 15.2 1998 MIPS R12000 SGI 270-400 MHz 0.25 µm, 0.18 µm 6.9 1998 RM7000 QED 250 - 300 MHz 0.25 µm 18 1998 SPARC64 III HAL Computer Systems 250-330 MHz 0.24 µm 17.6 1998 S/390 G5 IBM 500 MHz 0.25 µm 25 1998 PA-8500 Hewlett Packard 300-440 MHz 0.25 µm 140 1998 POWER3 IBM 200 MHz 0.25 µm 15 1999 Pentium III Intel 450-600 MHz 0.25 µm 9.5 1999 PowerPC 7400 Motorola 350-500 MHz 0.20 µm 10.5 1999 Athlon AMD 500-1000 MHz 0.25 µm 22 2000 Athlon XP AMD 1.33-1.73 GHz 180 nm 37.5 2000 Pentium 4 Intel 1.3-2 GHz 180 nm 42 2000 SPARC64 IV Fujitsu 450–810 MHz 130 nm - 2000 z900 IBM 918 MHz 180 nm 47 2001 R14000 MIPS 500-600 MHz 130 nm 7.2 2001 POWER4 IBM 1.1-1.4 GHz 90 nm 174 2001 UltraSPARC III Sun 750-1200 MHz 130 nm 29 2001 Itanium Intel 733-800 MHz 180 nm 25 2001 PowerPC 7450 Motorola 733-800 MHz 180 nm 33 2002 Itanium 2 Intel 0.9-1 GHz 180 nm 410 2003 PowerPC 970 IBM 1.6-2.0 MHz 130 nm 52 2003 Pentium M Intel 0.9-1.7 GHz 130 nm 77 2003 SPARC64 V Fujitsu 1.1-1.35 GHz 130 nm 190 2003 Opteron AMD 1.4-2.4 GHz 130 nm 106 2004 POWER5 IBM 1.65-1.9 GHz 130 nm 276 2005 Athlon 64 X2 AMD 2-2.4 GHz 90 nm 243 2005 UltraSPARC IV Sun 1.05-1.35 GHz 130 nm 66 2005 UltraSPARC T1 Sun 1-1.4 GHz 90 nm 300 2006 Core Duo Intel 1.1-2.33 GHz 65 nm 151 2006 Core 2 Intel 1.06-2.67 GHz 65 nm 291 2006 Cell/B.E. IBM, Sony, Toshiba 3.2-4.6 GHz 90 nm 241 2007 POWER6 IBM 3.5-4.7 GHz 65 nm 790 2007 UltraSPARC T2 Sun 1-1.4 GHz 65 nm 503 2008 Phenom AMD 1,8-2,6 GHz 65 nm 450 2008 z10 IBM 4,4 GHz 65 nm 991 2008 Atom Intel 0,8-1,6 GHz 45 nm 47 2008 Core i7 Intel 2,66-3,2 GHz 45 nm 730 2009 Phenom II AMD 2,5-3,2 GHz 45 nm 758 2010 POWER7 IBM 3–4.14 GHz 45 nm 1200 2010 Itanium "Tukwila" Intel 2 GHz 65 nm 2000 2010 Opteron "Magny-cours" AMD 1.7–2.4 GHz 45 nm 1810 2010 Xeon "Nehalem-EX" Intel 1.73–2.66 GHz 45 nm 2300 2010 z196 IBM 3.8–5.2 GHz 45 nm 1400 2010 SPARC T3 Sun 1.6 GHz 45 nm 2000 2010 SPARC64 VII+ Fujitsu 2.66–3.0 GHz 45 nm ? 2010 Intel "Westmere" Intel 1.86–3.33 GHz 32 nm 1170 2011 Intel "Sandy Bridge" Intel 1.6–3.4 GHz 32 nm 995 2011 AMD Llano AMD 1.0–1.6 GHz 40 nm 380 2011 Xeon E7 Intel 1.73–2.67 GHz 32 nm 2600 2011 Power ISA BGQ IBM 1.6 GHz 45 nm 1470 2011 SPARC64 VIIIfx Fujitsu 2.0 GHz 45 nm 760 2011 FX "Bulldozer" Interlagos AMD 3.1–3.6 GHz 32 nm 12002011SPARC T4Oracle2.8–3 GHz40 nm8552012SPARC64 IXfxFujitsu1.848 GHz40 nm18702012zEC12IBM5.5 GHz32 nm27502012POWER7+IBM3.1–5.3 GHz32 nm21002012Itanium "Poulson"Intel1.73–2.53 GHz32 nm31002013Intel "Haswell"Intel1.9–4.4 GHz22 nm14002013SPARC64 XFujitsu2.8–3 GHz28 nm29502013SPARC T5Oracle3.6 GHz28 nm15002014POWER8IBM2.5–5 GHz22 nm42002014Intel "Broadwell"Intel1.8-4 GHz14 nm19002015z13IBM5 GHz22 nm39902015A8-7670KAMD3.6 GHz28 nm24102017ZenAMD3.2–4.1 GHz14 nm48002017z14IBM5.2 GHz14 nm61002017POWER9IBM4 GHz14 nm80002017SPARC M8Oracle5 GHz20 nm~10,000 https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/09/18/m8-last-hurrah-oracle-sparc/2018Intel "Cannon Lake"Intel2.2-3.2 GHz10 nm?2018Zen+AMD2.8-3.7 GHz12 nm48002019Zen 2AMD2-4.7 GHz7 nm39002019z15IBM5.2 GHz14 nm9200

Referències

Categoria:Microprocessadors