Lixus er en artsrik slekt av middelsstore, avlange snutebiller som utvikler seg inne i røtter, stengler eller blomsterhoder av ulike planter, der de danner avlange galler.
Utseende Middelsstore (ofte 7 – 10 mm), avlange, mer eller mindre jevnbrede snutebiller. Kroppen er vanligvis helt skjellkledt og brunlig eller grå på farge. Hodet er nokså stort, fasettøynene små og snuten middels lang, krum og ganske kraftig. Antennene er festet i den ytre halvdelen av snuten. De er middels lange og knebøyde og ender i en kølle som (i alle fall tilsynelatende) består av fire ledd, slik at hele antennen er 12-leddet. Brystskjoldet (pronotum) er bredere enn langt, med rundede sider, tilsmalnet framover, ved roten gjerne litt smalere enn dekkvingene. Dekkvingene er parallellsidige med markerte skuldre og punktrader. Beina er middels lange, leggene (tibiae) har en liten krok (uncus) ytterst. De to klørne er sammenvokste ved roten.
Levevis Larvene utvikler seg i avlange galler inne i røtter, stengler eller knopper av ulike slags storvokste urter. Gallen er synlig som en fortykkelse på stengelen, rota eller knoppen. Den avlange kroppsformen er trolig en tilpasning til trange rom. Stengelsnutebillene kan angripe mange forskjellige vertsplanter, selv om hver art begrenser seg til en begrenset gruppe. Særlig hyppige er de på tistler og skjermplanter. Disse billene er sjelden særlig tallrike og er ikke regnet som betydelige skadedyr.
Systematisk inndeling
Ordenen biller, Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758 Underordenen Polyphaga Emery, 1886 Gruppen (infraorden) Cucujiformia Lameere, 1938 Overfamilien snutebiller, Curculionoidea Latreille, 1802 Familien snutebiller, Curculionidae Latreille, 1802 Underfamilien stengelsnutebiller, Lixinae Schönherr, 1823 (= Cleoninae) Stammen Lixini Schönherr, 1823 Slekten Lixus Fabricius, 1801 Liste over artene
Lixus abdominalis Boheman, 1835 c Lixus aberratus Boheman, 1835 c Lixus achyranthis Marshall, 1930 c Lixus acicularis Germar, 1824 c Lixus aciculatirostris Boheman, 1843 c Lixus acirostris Chittenden, 1930 c Lixus acuminatus Boheman, 1835 c Lixus acupictus Villa & Villa, 1833 c Lixus acutus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus adspersus Boheman, 1836 c Lixus aemulus Petri, 1928 c Lixus aeneus Cristofori & Jan, 1832 c Lixus aenigma Kolbe, 1898 c Lixus aequatorialis Petri, 1928 c Lixus aeruginosus Capiomont, 1874 c Lixus aethiopiae Csiki, 1934 c Lixus aethiopicus Petri, 1912 c Lixus aethiops Schoenherr, 1835 c Lixus affinis Boheman, 1843 c Lixus akonis Kono, 1929 c Lixus albicornis Fairmaire, 1904 c Lixus albidus Latreille, 1804 c Lixus albinae Formánek, 1925 c Lixus albisetiger Chittenden, 1930 c Lixus albocinctus Fåhraeus, 1871 c Lixus alboguttatus Wiedemann, C.R.W., 1821 c Lixus albolineatus Lea, 1898 c Lixus albomaculatus Pic, 1923 c Lixus albomarginatus Boheman, 1843 c g Lixus albopictus Reitter, 1892 c Lixus albostriatus Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus albovittatus Pic, 1919 c Lixus algiroides Voss, 1962 c Lixus algirus Capiomont, 1874 c Lixus alpinus Hustache, 1929 c Lixus ambositrensis Hustache, 1920 c Lixus amitinus Kolbe, 1898 c Lixus amoenus Faust, 1888 c Lixus amphora Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus amplexus Casey, 1891 i c Lixus amplirostris Petri, 1904 c Lixus amurensis Faust, 1887 c Lixus anguiculus Boheman, 1836 c Lixus anguinus (Linnaeus, C., 1767) c g Lixus angulicollis Faust, 1889 c Lixus angustatus Dahl, c Lixus angusticollis Boheman, 1836 c Lixus angustus (Herbst, 1795) c g Lixus antennatus Motschulsky, 1853 c Lixus anthracinus Faust, 1889 c Lixus anthrax Petri, 1928 c Lixus antilope Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus antiodontalgicus Illiger, c Lixus apfelbecki Petri, 1904 c Lixus appendiculatus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus apterus Champion, 1902 c Lixus arabs Olivier, 1807 c Lixus araticollis Marshall, 1940 c Lixus arcurostris Petri, 1912 c Lixus arnoldiorum Ter-Minasian, 1966 c Lixus arundinis Thunberg, 1815 c Lixus ascanii (Linnaeus, C., 1767) c g Lixus ascanioides Villa & Villa in Catteneo, 1844 c Lixus ascanoides Villa & Villa, 1833 c Lixus asiaticus Petri, 1904 c Lixus asper LeConte, 1876 i c b Lixus aspericollis Chittenden, 1930 i c Lixus assiniensis Hustache, 1932 c Lixus astrachanicus Faust, 1883 c Lixus atriplicis Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus attenuatus Ahrens, 1812 c Lixus atticus Desbrochers, 1893 c Lixus auctus LeConte, 1857 c Lixus augurius Boheman, 1835 c Lixus auricillatus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus auriculatus Sahlberg, 1823 c Lixus auritus Boheman, 1836 c Lixus aurivillii Csiki, 1934 c Lixus australis Boisduval, 1835 c Lixus avuncularius Kolbe, 1898 c Lixus babaulti Hustache, 1936 c Lixus baculiformis Petri, 1904 c Lixus baculus Gerstaecker, 1871 c †Lixus balazuci Voisin & Nel, 1993 c Lixus balcanicus Petri, 1904 c Lixus bambalio Germar, 1824 c Lixus barbarus Olivier, 1807 c Lixus barbiger Dohrn, 1884 c Lixus barbirostris Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus bardanae (Fabricius, J.C., 1787) - eneste art i Norge Lixus basilaris Boheman, 1843 c Lixus beauprei Pic, 1905 c Lixus biangulifer Marshall, 1936 c Lixus bicolor Olivier, 1807 c Lixus bicostalis Petri, 1912 c Lixus bidens Capiomont, 1874 c Lixus bidentatus Donovan, 1805 c Lixus bifasciatus Petri, 1904 c Lixus bifossatus Kolbe, 1898 c Lixus bifoveatus Chevrolat, 1881 c Lixus biimpressus Gyllenhal, 1836 c Lixus bilineatus Olivier, 1807 c Lixus bimbiensis Hustache, 1936 c Lixus binodulus Boheman, 1836 c Lixus binotatus Boheman, 1835 c Lixus biplicatus Chevrolat, 1881 c Lixus bisarmatus Petri, 1928 c Lixus bischoffi Fall, 1922 c Lixus bisinuatus Petri, 1928 c Lixus biskrensis Capiomont, 1874 c Lixus bisulcatus Faust, 1896 c Lixus bituberculatus Smreczynski, 1968 g Lixus bituberosus Fairmaire, 1904 c Lixus bivirgatus Desbrochers, 1898 c Lixus blakeae Chittenden, 1928 c Lixus blatchleyi Csiki, 1934 c Lixus blondina c Lixus boehmi Hartmann, 1909 c Lixus bolivianus Petri, 1928 c Lixus bonguensis Hartmann, 1900 c Lixus borneanus Petri, 1914 c Lixus brachyrhinus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus brachyrrhinus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus brachysomus Petri, 1928 c Lixus brasilianus Petri, 1928 c Lixus brasiliensis Dejean, 1821 c Lixus breviatus Desbrochers, 1891 c Lixus brevicaudatus Petri, 1912 c Lixus brevicaudis Kuester, 1849 c Lixus breviculus Champion, 1910 c Lixus brevipennis Ruter, 1939 c Lixus brevipes Brisout, 1866 c Lixus brevirostris Boheman, 1836 c Lixus brevis Petri, 1928 c Lixus breweri Pascoe, 1874 c Lixus brunneus (Fabricius, J.C., 1781) c g Lixus buccinator Olivier, 1807 c Lixus buchanani Chittenden, 1930 i c Lixus caesareus Petri, 1914 c Lixus caffer Gyllenhal, 1836 c Lixus caffrarius Csiki, 1904 c Lixus calandroides Randall, 1838 c Lixus californicus Motschulsky, 1845 c Lixus caliginosus Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus callosus Boheman, 1845 c Lixus camerunus Petri, 1912 c Lixus canaliculatus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus candidus Olivier, 1807 c Lixus canescens Fischer de Waldheim, 1835 c g Lixus canus Wiedemann, 1823 c Lixus capiomonti Faust, 1883 c Lixus capitalis Petri, 1928 c Lixus capitatus Chittenden, 1930 c Lixus cardui Olivier, 1807 c Lixus carinatus Boheman, 1836 c Lixus carinellus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus carinerostris Boheman, 1843 c Lixus carinicollis Boheman, 1843 c Lixus cariniger Petri, 1912 c Lixus carlinae Olivier, 1807 c Lixus caroli Hartmann, 1906 c Lixus carthami Olivier, 1807 c Lixus castellanus Chevrolat, 1865 c Lixus catati Hustache, 1920 c Lixus caucasicus Petri, 1904 c Lixus caudatus Champion, 1902 c Lixus caudifer LeConte, 1876 i c Lixus caudiger Petri, 1928 c Lixus causticus Faust, 1886 c Lixus cavatus Petri, 1928 c Lixus cavicollis Blatchley, 1922 c Lixus cavipennis Petri, 1928 c Lixus cenobita Olivier, 1807 c Lixus centaureae Olivier, 1807 c Lixus centaurii Olivier, 1807 c Lixus chawneri Wollaston, 1854 c Lixus cheiranthi Wollaston, 1854 c Lixus chevrolati Boheman, 1843 c Lixus christophi Faust, 1892 c Lixus chulliati Hustache, 1920 c Lixus cinerascens Boheman, 1836 c g Lixus cinereus Latreille, 1804 c Lixus cinnabarinus Waltl, 1839 c Lixus circumcinctus Boheman, 1836 c Lixus circumdatus Schoenherr, 1835 c Lixus circumscriptus Petri, 1912 c Lixus clathratus Schoenherr, 1826 c Lixus clatratus Olivier, 1807 c Lixus clavipes Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus cleoniformis Petri, 1904 c Lixus cleonoides Chittenden, 1930 c Lixus coarctatus Klug, 1834 c Lixus coarcticollis Boheman, 1843 c Lixus coenobita Olivier, 1807 c Lixus colchicus Petri, 1904 c Lixus collaris Petri, 1928 c Lixus collarti Hustache, 1934 c Lixus coloradensis Chittenden, 1930 c Lixus coloratus Petri, 1904 c Lixus columbianus Petri, 1928 c Lixus comparabilis Kolbe, 1898 c Lixus compressicollis J. Thomson, 1858 c Lixus concavus Say, 1831 i c b (rhubarb weevil) Lixus confinis Billberg, 1820 c Lixus conformatus Csiki, 1934 c Lixus conformis Dejean, 1830 c Lixus confusus Desbrochers, 1904 c Lixus conicirostris Olivier, 1807 c Lixus conicollis Boheman, 1835 c Lixus conicus Sturm, 1826 c Lixus coniformis Csiki, 1934 c Lixus connivens Gyllenhal, 1836 c Lixus consenescens Boheman, 1835 c Lixus constrictus Boheman, 1835 c Lixus contractus Gemminger, 1871 c g Lixus convexicollis Petri, 1904 c Lixus copiosus Lea, 1899 c Lixus coriaceus Klug, c Lixus corpulentus Petri, 1912 c Lixus costalis Boheman, 1835 c Lixus costatus Germar, 1824 c Lixus costipennis Petri, 1912 c Lixus costirostris Seidlitz, 1891 c Lixus costulatus Kolbe, 1898 c Lixus cottyi Desbrochers, 1904 c Lixus coutieri Hustache, 1920 c Lixus crassipes Megerle, c Lixus crassipunctatus Chittenden, 1930 c Lixus crassulus Notman, 1920 c Lixus cretaceus Chevrolat, 1866 c Lixus creteopictus Wollaston, 1867 c Lixus cribricollis Boheman, 1836 c Lixus criniger Illiger, c Lixus crinipes Quedenfeldt, 1888 c Lixus cruciferae Hoffmann, 1956 c Lixus crux Petri, 1928 c Lixus cuneiformis Fåhraeus, 1871 c Lixus cuniculinus Olivier, 1807 c Lixus cuniculus Olivier, 1807 c Lixus curtipennis Hustache, 1923 c Lixus curtirostris Tournier, 1878 c Lixus curtulus Petri, 1928 c Lixus curvinasus Kolbe, 1898 c Lixus curvirostris Capiomont, 1874 c Lixus cylindraceus Boheman, 1836 c Lixus cylindricus Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus cylindroides Schoenherr, 1836 c Lixus cylindrus Gültekin, 2010 c Lixus cynarae Latreille, 1804 c Lixus cynarophilus Capiomont, 1874 c Lixus davidiani Gultekin & Korotyaev, 2012 c Lixus deceptus Blatchley & Leng, 1916 c Lixus declivis Olivier, 1807 c Lixus decorsei Hustache, 1920 c Lixus defloratus Olivier, 1807 c Lixus delatus Kuschel, 1950 c Lixus denticollis Petri, 1904 c Lixus dentipes Dejean, 1821 c Lixus denudatus Zubkov, 1833 c Lixus depressipennis Roelofs, 1873 c Lixus depressirostris Petri, 1914 c Lixus depressus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus deremius Kolbe, 1898 c Lixus desbrochersi Hoffmann, 1957 c Lixus descarpentriesi Hustache, 1920 c Lixus deserticola Hoffmann, 1957 c Lixus desertorum Gebler, 1830 c Lixus devillei Hoffmann, 1955 c Lixus difficilis Capiomont, 1874 c Lixus diloris Germar, 1819 c Lixus discedens Petri, 1912 c Lixus discolor Boheman, 1836 c Lixus discrepans Petri, 1928 c Lixus discretus Petri, 1928 c Lixus dissimilis Chittenden, 1930 c Lixus distinctus Germar, 1824 c Lixus distinguendus Desbrochers, 1893 c Lixus distortus Csiki, 1934 c Lixus diutinus Faust, 1883 c Lixus divaricatus Motschulsky, 1860 c Lixus dogoanus Hoffmann, 1954 c Lixus dohrni Faust, 1889 c Lixus dolus Faust, 1883 c Lixus dorsalis Dejean, 1837 c Lixus dorsotinctus Fairmaire, 1904 c Lixus dregei Boheman, 1843 c Lixus dubiosus Petri, 1928 c Lixus dubitabilis Fairmaire, 1875 c Lixus dubius Fabricius, J.C., 1801 c Lixus duplicatus Fremuth, 1983 c Lixus duponti Schoenherr, 1843 c Lixus elegans Petri, 1928 c Lixus elegantulus Boheman, 1843 c Lixus elendeensis Hustache, 1936 c Lixus elephantulus Chittenden, 1930 c