Benjamin Franklin Norris, Jr. (Chicago, Illinois, 5 de Março de 1870 — 25 de outubro de 1902, São Francisco) foi um jornalista e romancista norte-americano durante a Era Progressista, cuja ficção era predominantemente no gênero naturalista.Biencourt, Marius. Une Influence du Naturalisme Français en Amérique: Frank Norris, Giard, 1933.Walcutt, Charles Child. American Literary Naturalism, a Divided Stream, University of Minnesota Press, 1956.Chase, Richard Volney. "Norris and Naturalism." In The American Novel and its Tradition, Doubleday, 1957.Pehowski, Marian Frances. Darwinism and the Naturalistic Novel: J. P. Jacobsen, Frank Norris and Shimazaki Tōson, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1973.Civello, Paul. American Literary Naturalism and Its Twentieth-Century Transformations: Frank Norris, Ernest Hemingway, Don DeLillo, University of Georgia Press, 1994. Seus trabalhos notáveis ​​incluem McTeague: A Story of San Francisco (1899), The Octopus: A Story of California (1901) e The Pit (1903).

Carreira O trabalho de Frank Norris geralmente inclui representações de sofrimento causado por monopólios corporativos corruptos e gananciosos da virada do século.Rothstein, Morton (1982). "Frank Norris and Popular Perceptions of the Market," Agricultural History, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 50–66.Zayani, Mohamed (1999). Reading the Symptom: Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, and the Dynamics of Capitalism. New York: Peter Lang. No The Octopus: A California Story, a Pacific and Southwest Railroad está implicada no sofrimento e nas mortes de vários fazendeiros no sul da Califórnia. No final do romance, após um sangrento tiroteio entre fazendeiros e agentes ferroviários em uma das fazendas (chamada Los Muertos), os leitores são encorajados a ter uma "visão mais ampla" que vê que "através do turbilhão de sangue na vala de irrigação ... a grande colheita de Los Muertos rolou como uma inundação das serras ao Himalaia para alimentar milhares de espantalhos famintos nas planícies áridas da Índia". Embora o capitalismo de mercado livre cause a morte de muitos dos personagens do romance, essa "visão mais ampla sempre... Boa".Geismar, Maxwell (1953). "Frank Norris and the Brute." In: Rebels and Ancestors. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp. 3–66.

O romance Vandover and the Brute, escrito na década de 1890, mas não publicado até depois de sua morte, é sobre três amigos de faculdade se preparando para se tornarem bem-sucedidos e a ruína de um devido a um estilo de vida degenerado.

Além de Zola, a escrita de Norris foi comparada à de Stephen Crane,Wertheim, Stanley (1991). "Frank Norris and Stephen Crane: Conviction and Uncertainty," American Literary Realism, 1870–1910, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 54–62. Theodore Dreiser, e Edith Wharton.McElrath, Jr. Joseph R. and Gwendolyn Jones (1994). "Introduction" to The Pit. New York: Penguin Books.

Trabalhos Ficção

(1892). Yvernelle. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. (1898). Moran of the "Lady Letty": A Story of Adventure Off the California Coast. New York: Doubleday & McClure Co. (1899). McTeague: A Story of San Francisco. New York: Doubleday & McClure Co. (1899). Blix. New York: Doubleday & McClure Co. (1900). A Man's Woman. New York: Doubleday & McClure Co. (1901). The Octopus: A Story of California. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. (1903). The Pit: A Story of Chicago. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. (1903). A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the New and Old West. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. (1906). The Joyous Miracle. Nova York: Doubleday, Page & Company. (1909). The Third Circle. Nova York: John Lane Company. (1914). Vandover and the Brute. Nova York: Doubleday, Page & Company.Wyatt, Edith. "Vandover and the Brute." In Great Companions, D. Appleton & Company, 1917. (1931). Frank Norris of "The Wave." Stories & Sketches From the San Francisco Weekly, 1893 to 1897. São Francisco: The Westgate Press. (1998). The Best Short Stories of Frank Norris. Nova York: Ironweed Press Inc.

Histórias curtas

(1907). "A Lost Story." In: The Spinners' Book of Fiction. São Francisco e Nova York: Paul Elder and Company. (1909). "The Passing of Cock-Eye Blacklock." In: California Story Book. São Francisco: Pub. by the English Club of the University of California. (1910). "San Francisco's Old Chinatown." In: Pathway to Western Literature. Stockton, Cal.: Nettie E. Gaines.

Não-ficção

(1898). The Surrender of Santiago. Unknown (1903). The Responsibilities of the Novelist. Nova York: Doubleday, Page & Company. (1986). Frank Norris: Collected Letters. São Francisco: The Book Club of California. (1996). The Apprenticeship Writings of Frank Norris 1896–1898. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.

Artigos selecionados

"The True Reward of the Novelist," The World's Work, Vol. II, 1901. "Mr. Kipling's Kim," The World's Work, Vol. II, May/October 1901 "The Need of a Literary Conscience," The World's Work, Vol. III, 1901/1902. "The Frontier Gone at Last," The World's Work, Vol. III, 1901/1902. "The Novel with a 'Purpose'," The World's Work, Vol. IV, 902. "A Neglected Epic," The World's Work, Vol. V, 1902/1903.

Traduções

"Fifi," de Léon Faran, The Wave, Vol. XVI, No. 4, 1897. "Not Guilty," de Marcel l'Heureux, The Wave, Vol. XVI, No. 25, 1897. "Story of a Wall," de Pierre Loti, The Wave, Vol. XVI, No. 35, 1897. "An Elopement," de Ferdinand Bloch, The Wave, Vol. XVI, No. 52, 1897.

Coleções

The Complete Works of Frank Norris. Nova York: P.F. Collier Sons Publishers, 1898–1903 (4 Vols.) Complete Works of Frank Norris. Nova York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1903 (7 Vols.) The Collected Works of Frank Norris. Nova York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., 1928 (10 Vols.) Norris: Novels and Essays. Nova York: Library of America, 1986. A Novelist in the Making: A Collection of Student Themes, and the Novels Blix and Vandover and the Brute. Harvard University Press, 1970

Ligações externas

Works by Frank Norris - Unz.org Works by Frank Norris - at Hathi Trust Guide to the Frank Norris Collection - The Bancroft Library Frank Norris Page at the William Dean Howells Society; includes links to works on the web, bibliography, index to Frank Norris Studies Digital collection - New York Public Library Romanticist Under the Skin Categoria:Jornalistas dos Estados Unidos Categoria:Escritores dos Estados Unidos